linux expect自动登录ssh,ftp

expect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行”会话”的程序。根据脚本内容，Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供”分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。

shell功能很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和ftp.而expect可以帮助我们来实现.

安装expect#

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yum install expect

其实expect根bash形势上差不多的.

实例#

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#!/wp-content/bin/expect -f
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set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]      //接收第一个参数,并设置IP
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set password [lindex $argv 1 ]    //接收第二个参数,并设置密码
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set timeout 10                    //设置超时时间
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spawn ssh root@$ip        //发送ssh请滶
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expect {                  //返回信息匹配
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" *yes/no " { send " yes\r "; exp_continue}   //第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续
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" *password: " { send " $password\r " }       //出现密码提示,发送密码
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}
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interact           //交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面.

运行结果如下:

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root@ubuntu:/home/w23ta0# ./test.exp 192.168.1.130 admin
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spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
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Last login: Fri Sep  7 10:47:43 2012 from 192.168.1.142
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[root@linux ~]#

这个例子有统一的接口,根据IP和密码可以连接到不同的机器. 如果你嫌输入IP和密码麻烦,看下面的例子

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#!/wp-content/bin/expect -f
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 set  ip 192.168.1.130
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 set  password admin
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 set  timeout 10
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 spawn ssh root@$ip
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 expect {
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 " *yes/no " { send " yes\r "; exp_continue}
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 " *password: " { send " $password\r " }
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 }
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 interact

运行结果如下:

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root@ubuntu:/home/w23ta0# ./web.exp
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spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
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Last login: Fri Sep  7 12:59:02 2012 from 192.168.1.142
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[root@linux ~]#

ssh远程登录到服务器,并且执行命令,执行完后并退出

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#!/wp-content/bin/expect -f
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 set  ip 192.168.1.130
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 set  password admin
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 set  timeout 10
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 spawn ssh root@$ip
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 expect {
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 " *yes/no " { send " yes\r "; exp_continue}
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 " *password: " { send " $password\r " }
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 }
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 expect " #* "
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 send " pwd\r "
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 send  " exit\r "
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 expect eof

运行结果如下:

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root@ubuntu:/home/w23ta0# ./test3.exp
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spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
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root@192.168.1.130's password:
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Last login: Fri Sep  7 14:05:07 2012 from 116.246.27.90
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[root@localhost ~]# pwd
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/root
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[root@localhost ~]# exit
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logout
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Connection to 192.168.1.130 closed.

远程登录到ftp,并且下载文件

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#!/wp-content/bin/expect -f
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 set  ip [lindex $argv 0 ]
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 set  dir [lindex $argv 1 ]
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 set  file [lindex $argv 2 ]
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 set  timeout 10
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 spawn ftp $ip
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 expect " Name* "
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 send " zwh\r "
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 expect " Password:* "
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 send " zwh\r "
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 expect " ftp>* "
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 send " lcd $dir\r "
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 expect {
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 " *file "  { send_user " local $_dir No such file or directory ";send " quit\r " }
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 " *now* "  { send " get $dir/$file $dir/$file\r "}
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 }
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 expect {
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 " *Failed " { send_user " remote $file No such file ";send " quit\r " }
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 " *OK "     { send_user " $file has been download\r ";send " quit\r "}
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 }
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 expect eof

运行结果如下:

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 root@ubuntu:/home/w23ta0# ./test2.exp 192.168.1.130 /var/www/www aaa.html
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spawn ftp 192.168.1.130
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Connected to 192.168.1.130.
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220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
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Name (192.168.1.130:root): zwh
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331 Please specify the password.
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Password:
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230 Login successful.
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Remote system type  is  UNIX.
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Using binary mode to transfer files.
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ftp> lcd /var/www/www
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Local directory now /var/www/www
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ftp>  get  /var/www/www/aaa.html /var/www/www/aaa.html
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local: /var/www/www/aaa.html remote: /var/www/www/aaa.html
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200 PORT command successful. Consider  using  PASV.
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150 Opening BINARY mode data connection  for  /var/www/www/aaa.html (66 bytes).
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226 File send OK.
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66 bytes received  in  0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s)
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quit aaa.html has been download
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221 Goodbye.